Nutrition and Cancer
	Strength of the Data Regarding Nutrition and Cancer
	Major Source of the DATA
	Nutrition and Cancer
	Diets high in what dietary factors
	Diets low in what dietary factors
	Foods and Risk of Cancer
	Foods and Risk of Cancer
	Learning Objectives
	Leading Causes of Death in US (1998)
	Cancer Mortality, 2002 (Females)
	Cancer Mortality, 2002 (Males)
	Estimated Causes of Cancer in US, 1993
	Causes of Cancer
	Cross-country Comparisons
	Cancer: Definition
	Cancer Cells
	5 Themes: Role of Nutrition
	Nutrition and Cancer
	Two Stages in Cancer Development
	Cancer Formation and Nutrition
	Examples of ROS
	Theme 1: Antioxidants as Protectors of Initiation
	Theme 1: Antioxidants as Protectors Against Initiation
	Cancer and Antioxidant Protection
	Theme 2: Fat Intake as a Promoter of Cancer
	Theme 2: Fat Intake as a Promoter of Cancer
	Cancer and Nutrition: Slide 28
	Breast Cancer Incidence Rates in Migrant Pops.
	Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
	Theme 2: Fat Intake
	Case-Control Studies in Breast Cancer
	Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer (Nurse's Study)
	Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer (Nurse’s Study)
	Comparison of Estradiol Levels in British and Chinese Women
	Diet Intervention Study (N=55 pre-menopausal women)
	Nutrition Intervention Studies of Low Fat/High Fiber
	Nutrition Intervention Trial: Women’s Health Initiative
	Colon Cancer and Fat Intake: Promoter
	Colon Cancer and Fat Intake
	Age-Adjusted Relative Risk of Colon Cancer
	Intervention Studies in Colorectal Cancer (Fat and Fiber)
	Intervention Trials on Fiber in Colorectal Cancer
	Intervention Trials on Fiber in Colon Rectal Cancer
	Theme 3: Fiber Intake as an Anti-promoter
	Quote
	Relative Risk of Colorectal Cancer
	Relative Risk of Colorectal Cancer
	Theme 4: Differentiation and Vitamin A
	Theme 4: Vitamin A and Differentiation
	Theme 4: Vitamin A and Differentiation
	Theme 5: Phytochemicals
	Theme 5: Phytochemicals
	Cancer and Nutrition: Slide 54
	Theme 5: Phytochemicals Functions of Phytochemicals are Diverse
	Theme 5: Phytochemicals Function of Phytochemicals, cont.
	Cancer and Nutrition: Slide 57
	Cancer and Nutrition: Slide 58
	Cancer and Nutrition: Slide 59
	Cancer and Nutrition: Slide 60
	Principles
	Theme 5: Phytochemicals
	Summary: 5 Themes
	Types of Studies on Nutrition and Cancer
	Challenges in Diet and Cancer
	Bradford-Hill Criteria
	Cancers with the Strongest Links to Nutritional Factors
	Current Dietary Recommendations to Decrease Risk of Cancer
	Nutrition and Cancer Summary
	Nutrigenomics
	Interaction Between Nutrition and the Human Genome
	Direct and Indirect Effects of Nutrients on Gene Expression
	Example: Type of Fat (n-3 fatty acids)
	Concept
	Special Role of n-3 Fatty Acids

• Nutrition and Acute Illness
• Water Soluble Nutrients
• Infant and Child Nutrition
• Chlamydia Rickettsiae Lecture Slides
• Macronutrients and Carbohydrates