Cancer Genetics
	Cancer
	Some (Not All) Cancers Are Hereditary
	Knudson’s 2-Hit Hypothesis
	Two-hit theory of carcinogenesis (Knudson hypothesis)
	Genes in Tumorigenesis
	Genes in Tumorigenesis
	The Medical Genetics Perspective
	Factors To Look For in Hereditary Cancers
	Breast Cancer
	Why Test for BRCA1 and 2 Mutations?
	BRCA1-2 Mutations Increase the Risk of Cancer More Than Other Factors
	BRCA 1 and 2 are Tumor Suppressor Genes
	Cancer Genetics Clinic
	Indications for DNA Testing-I
	Indications for DNA Testing-2
	Other Hereditary Syndromes Associated With Breast Cancer
	Penetrance
	Why Single Out Ashkenazi Jewish Women?
	Costs of DNA Testing
	Cancer Genetics: Slide 21
	Cancer Genetics: Slide 22
	How Genetic Testing Changes Management in the Woman With Breast Cancer
	How Genetic Testing Changes Management for the Healthy Woman With A Positive Family History
	Potential Disadvantages of Genetic Testing in the Woman With Breast or Ovarian Cancer
	Potential Disadvantages of Genetic Testing in a Healthy Person
	Prevention Strategies for Known BRCA 1/2 Mutation Carriers
	Prevention Strategies-2
	Prevention Strategies-3
	Limitations of DNA Testing
	Cancer Genetics: Slide 31
	MA Genetic Privacy Act
	Colon Cancer
	Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
	Clinical Characteristics of Classic FAP
	Cancer Genetics: Slide 36
	HNPCC= Lynch syndrome
	Take Home Message

• Gout and Other Crystal Diseases
• Gout and Other Crystal Diseases
• Lecture 3: Descriptive Epidemiology
• Non-Mendelian Genetics Part 1
• Why Test for BRCA1 and 2 Mutations?
• Knudson’s 2-Hit Hypothesis