Lecture 3 - Introduction Slide
	Natural History
	Natural History Schematic
	Natural History-Descriptors
	Trends in Deaths from Selected Causes, MA: 1842-1887
	Natural History-Descriptive Terms
	Elements of Data Analysis
	Rates
	Rates-Example
	Rates-Key Points
	Incidence- “cumulative incidence”
	Cumulative Incidence-Examples
	Incidence Density
	Incidence Density: Example
	Incidence-Key Points
	Prevalence-Example
	Prevalence = Incidence x Duration (avg)
	Incidence Constant-Duration Shorter
	Incidence Increases/Duration Constant
	Incidence of Type II Diabetes Two Towns 1999
	Rate Adjustment (direct method)
	Types of Rates
	Frequency/Gender
	Osteoarthritis of Knees and Obesity
	Frequency/Housing Type
	Contingency Tables 2x2 Table
	Count/Hours Worked
	Osteoarthritis of the knees and ObesityN=20,000 women
	Subject's Age
	Relative Risk
	Subject's Age/Frequency
	Urine Cotinine Levels
	Odds Ratio: (in Case/Control Studies)
	Selection of Types of Distributions
	Attributable Risk
	Key Point
	Types of Normal Distributions
	Summary: Descriptive Epidemiology
	Prevalence
	Notation used for Populations vs Samples
	Natural History-Key Points
	Central Tendency
	Spread
	Gaussian or Normal Distribution
	Hierarchy of Data Types
	z scores
	Concept of risk
	z score example

• LU3: Hand-PDF tutorial
• LU1:Yellow Submarine-PDF tutorial
• Soil Quality Site Description
• Lecture 2: Observational Studies
• Lecture 9: Common Statistical Tests