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» OCW Home » Epidemiology and Biostatistics » Lectures 
Lecture 3: Descriptive Epidemiology
Author: James N Hyde, M.A.,S.M.
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Lecture 3 - Introduction Slide Lecture 3 - Introduction Slide
Natural History Natural History
Natural History Schematic Natural History Schematic
Natural History-Descriptors Natural History-Descriptors
Trends in Deaths from Selected Causes, MA: 1842-1887 Trends in Deaths from Selected Causes, MA: 1842-1887
Natural History-Descriptive Terms Natural History-Descriptive Terms
Elements of Data Analysis Elements of Data Analysis
Rates Rates
Rates-Example Rates-Example
Rates-Key Points Rates-Key Points
Incidence- “cumulative incidence” Incidence- “cumulative incidence”
Cumulative Incidence-Examples Cumulative Incidence-Examples
Incidence Density Incidence Density
Incidence Density: Example Incidence Density: Example
Incidence-Key Points Incidence-Key Points
Prevalence-Example Prevalence-Example
Prevalence = Incidence x Duration (avg) Prevalence = Incidence x Duration (avg)
Incidence Constant-Duration Shorter Incidence Constant-Duration Shorter
Incidence Increases/Duration Constant Incidence Increases/Duration Constant
Incidence of Type II Diabetes Two Towns 1999 Incidence of Type II Diabetes Two Towns 1999
Rate Adjustment (direct method) Rate Adjustment (direct method)
Types of Rates Types of Rates
Frequency/Gender Frequency/Gender
Osteoarthritis of Knees and Obesity Osteoarthritis of Knees and Obesity
Frequency/Housing Type Frequency/Housing Type
Contingency Tables 2x2 Table Contingency Tables 2x2 Table
Count/Hours Worked Count/Hours Worked
Osteoarthritis of the knees and ObesityN=20,000 women Osteoarthritis of the knees and ObesityN=20,000 women
Subject's Age Subject's Age
Relative Risk Relative Risk
Subject's Age/Frequency Subject's Age/Frequency
Urine Cotinine Levels Urine Cotinine Levels
Odds Ratio: (in Case/Control Studies) Odds Ratio: (in Case/Control Studies)
Selection of Types of Distributions Selection of Types of Distributions
Attributable Risk Attributable Risk
Key Point Key Point
Types of Normal Distributions Types of Normal Distributions
Summary: Descriptive Epidemiology Summary: Descriptive Epidemiology
Prevalence Prevalence
Notation used for Populations vs Samples Notation used for Populations vs Samples
Natural History-Key Points Natural History-Key Points
Central Tendency Central Tendency
Spread Spread
Gaussian or Normal Distribution Gaussian or Normal Distribution
Hierarchy of Data Types Hierarchy of Data Types
z scores z scores
Concept of risk Concept of risk
z score example z score example
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